33^rd International Conference on Brain Science and Cognitive Research August 23-24, 2021 Sydney, Australia

The human brain is an amazing and powerful tool. It allows us to learn, see, remember, hear, perceive, understand and create language. Sometimes, the human brain also fails us.Cognitive psychologists study how people acquire, perceive, process and store information. This work can range from exploring how we learn language to understanding the interplay between cognition and emotion.New technologies like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allow researchers to see a picture of the brain at work — helping them to understand how a brain reacts to a particular stimulus or how differences in brain structure can affect a person’s health, personality or cognitive functioning.

The awards encourage research aimed at translating laboratory discoveries about the brain and nervous system into diagnoses and therapies to improve human health. Collaborative projects between basic and clinical neuroscientists are welcome, as are proposals that help link basic with clinical neuroscience.Each year, up to four awards are given. Awards provide $100,000 per year for three years. Funds may be used toward a variety of research activities. They may not be used for the recipient’s salary

Molecular Neurobiology is the branch of neuroscience that covers the concepts of molecular biology and its application to the nervous system. Molecular neuro anatomy, Neuronal Development etc will come under the title Molecular Neurobiology. Now a days Synaptic neurotransmission gained its high importance on research platforms.

A Neuropsychiatrist is a unique kind of psychiatrist. As a scientific specialty, neuropsychiatry addresses how diseases of the nervous system contribute to mental disorders. Therefore, these specialists study both psychiatric and neurologic disorders. As a medical specialty, a neuropsychiatrist works to understand and treat patients that suffer neurologically-based behavioral and cognitive challenges.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is caused by disturbances in the structure and function of the ER with the accumulation of misfolded proteins and alterations in the calcium homeostasis. The ER response is characterized by changes in specific proteins, causing translational attenuation, induction of ER chaperones and degradation of misfolded proteins. In case of prolonged or aggravated ER stress, cellular signals leading to cell death are activated. ER stress has been suggested to be involved in some human neuronal diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's and prion disease, as well as other disorders. The exact contributions to and casual effects of ER stress in the various disease processes, however, are not known. Here we will discuss the possible role of ER stress in neurodegenerative diseases, and highlight current knowledge in this field that may reveal novel insight into disease mechanisms and help to design better therapies for these disorders.

Neuroimaging or brain imaging is the use of various techniques to either directly or indirectly image the structure, function, or pharmacology of the nervous system. It is a relatively new discipline within medicine, neuroscience, and psychology. Physicians who specialize in the performance and interpretation of neuroimaging in the clinical setting are neuroradiologists. Neuroimaging falls into two broad categories:

• Structural imaging, which deals with the structure of the nervous system and the diagnosis of gross (large scale) intracranial disease (such as a tumor) and injury.


• Functional imaging, which is used to diagnose metabolic diseases and lesions on a finer scale (such as Alzheimer's disease) and also for neurological and cognitive psychology research and building brain-computer interfaces.

Functional imaging enables, for example, the processing of information by centers in the brain to be visualized directly. Such processing causes the involved area of the brain to increase metabolism and "light up" on the scan. One of the more controversial uses of neuroimaging has been researching "thought identification" or mind-reading.

The Department of Neurology's spine care specialty group uses evidence-based practice to manage a wide variety of spine disorders. To support the spine care diagnosis, Mayo Clinic offers the advanced radiologic techniques and employs the latest technologies, including neuroimaging, electrophysiology and intraoperative monitoring. Experts in neurophysiology employ specialized nerve conduction and muscle tests to obtain the best results.

This integrated spine care model leverages the expertise of specialists from medical, surgical, interventional, integrative-complementary and cognitive behavioral medicine backgrounds. They provide patients with spine disease a coordinated and efficient clinical assessment leading to evidence-based treatment recommendations focused on restoring patient function and quality of life.

Research in spinal cord injury at Mayo Clinic provides patients with new treatments including minimally invasive surgical techniques and advanced imaging, including:

• Robotic advances that aim to improve accuracy and patient outcomes, especially in complex deformity cases or spinal fusion.
• Three-dimensional printing technology for surgical planning and precision. Leveraging advances in radiology, including detailed, submillimeter, high-resolution images and accurate 3D models, can be created to help plan for surgery.
• Regenerative medicine treatment options, including stem cell trials for degenerative spine conditions.

It’s a branch of neuroscience that emphases on the fundamental mechanisms underlying diseases and disorders of the brain and central nervous system (CNS). Clinical neuroscientists including psychiatrists, neurologists, clinical psychologists, and other medical specialists use basic research findings to develop new ways of diagnosing such disorders and ultimately of developing novel treatments to prevent neurological disorders.

Neuropharmacology is a branch of neuroscience deals with the study of effects of drugs on the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, and the nerves that carry information to and from different parts of the body. The objective of neuropharmacology in general is to understand the basic functioning of impulses and signals within the brain in order to determine the drug actions to treat neurological disorders and drug dependence.

The methods which allow the neurologists to image and diagnose the brain of the humans come under the umbrella of Brain Imaging. Brain Imaging helps to locate the area affected by the neurological disorders and to develop new methods to treat brain disorders.